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<title>Conditional-access module</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Conditional-access module</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Content-addressable_memory" title="Content-addressable memory">Content-addressable memory</a> (CAM).</div>

<p>A <b>conditional access module</b> (<b>CAM</b>) is an electronic device, usually incorporating a slot for a <a href="Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart card</a>, which equips an <a href="Integrated_digital_television" title="Integrated digital television">integrated digital television</a> or <a href="Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">set-top box</a> with the appropriate hardware facility to view <a href="Conditional_access" title="Conditional access">conditional access</a> content that has been <a href="Encryption" title="Encryption">encrypted</a> using a conditional access system.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are normally used with <a href="Direct-broadcast_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-broadcast satellite">direct-broadcast satellite</a> (DBS) services, although <a href="Digital_terrestrial_television" title="Digital terrestrial television">digital terrestrial</a> pay TV suppliers also use CAMs. <a href="PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a> <a href="Computer_form_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer form factor">form factor</a> is used as the <a href="Common_Interface" title="Common Interface">Common Interface</a> form of Conditional Access Modules for <a href="Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a> broadcasts. Major CAM manufacturers are Airmod.tech and SMIT. Airmod, created in 2022, regroup CAM formerly managed by Neotion and SmarDTV.

</p><p>Some encryption systems for which CAMs are available are Logiways, <a href="Nagravision" title="Nagravision">Nagravision</a>, <a href="Viaccess" title="Viaccess">Viaccess</a>, <a href="Mediaguard" title="Mediaguard">Mediaguard</a>, Irdeto, <a href="KeyFly" title="KeyFly">KeyFly</a>, <a href="Verimatrix" title="Verimatrix">Verimatrix</a>, <a href="Cryptoworks" title="Cryptoworks">Cryptoworks</a>, <a href="Mascom" title="Mascom">Mascom</a>, Safeview, Diablo CAM and <a href="Conax" title="Conax">Conax</a>. <a href="News_Datacom" class="mw-redirect" title="News Datacom">NDS</a> <a href="VideoGuard" title="VideoGuard">VideoGuard</a> encryption, the preferred choice of <a href="Sky_Digital_(UK_%26_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sky Digital (UK & Ireland)">Sky Digital</a> can only be externally emulated by a Dragon brand CAM. The NDS CAM that the Sky viewing card ordinarily uses is built into the Sky Digibox and thus not visible. Dragon and Matrix, two popular cams with satellite television enthusiasts are <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis">Multicrypt</span></span> meaning each is capable of handling more than one encryption system. Matrix CAMs can be upgraded via the <a href="PC_Card" title="PC Card">PC Card</a> port in a <a href="Laptop" title="Laptop">laptop</a> personal computer whereas a Dragon cam update is done via separate programmer hardware. Although not officially supported or acknowledged, <span title="uncoded-language text"><span lang="mis">Multicrypt</span></span> and programmable modules are a <a href="Grey_market" title="Grey market">grey market</a> in the pay-TV industry.

</p><p>The primary purpose of the CAM is to derive control words, which are short-term decryption keys for video. The effectiveness of a CAM depends on the <a href="Tamper-evident" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamper-evident">tamper</a> resistance of the hardware; if the hardware is broken, the functionality of the CAM can be emulated, enabling the content to be decrypted by non-subscribers. CAMs are normally removable so that they can be replaced after the hardware security is breached. Replacement of the CAMs in a system is called a card swap-out.

</p><p>CAM Modules come in two types: <i>standard</i>, intended for a single TV consumer, and <i>professional</i>, made for an array of televisions connected to a rack of CAMs, like in a hospital or a hotel.

</p><p>The standard format for a CAM is a <a href="PC_card" class="mw-redirect" title="PC card">PC card</a> which takes a <a href="Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart card</a> to authenticate, although CAMs with the 'smart card' burnt into memory, known as Cardless CAM, can be found. With the CI+ 2.0 certification came a new <a href="USB_dongle" class="mw-redirect" title="USB dongle">USB dongle</a> form factor. In addition, CAM emulators exist for many systems, either providing an interface to allow the use of more than one type of card, or a card not designed for that receiver.

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<ul><li><a href="CableCARD" title="CableCARD">CableCARD</a></li>

<li><a href="Common_Interface" title="Common Interface">Common Interface</a> (CI)</li>

<li><a href="Conditional_access" title="Conditional access">Conditional access</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_encryption" title="Television encryption">Television encryption</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFSweet" class="citation web cs1">Sweet, Stuart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.solidsignal.com/tutorials/cam-conditional-access-module/">"What is a CAM (conditional access module)?"</a>. <i>Solid Signal Blog</i>. Signal Group LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Broadcast_encryption_and_digital_rights_management313" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Broadcast_encryption" title="Broadcast encryption">Broadcast encryption</a> and <a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Conditional_access" title="Conditional access">Conditional access</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CableCARD" title="CableCARD">CableCARD</a></li>

<li><a href="Conditional_access" title="Conditional access">Conditional access system</a></li>

<li><a href="Renewable_security" title="Renewable security">Renewable security</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Common_Interface" title="Common Interface">Common Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">Syndication</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Smart_card" title="Smart card">Smart cards</a> and <a href="Encryption" title="Encryption">encryption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Cisco_Videoscape" title="Cisco Videoscape">Cisco Videoscape</a>

<ul><li><a href="VideoGuard" title="VideoGuard">VideoGuard</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Conax" title="Conax">Conax</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryptoworks" title="Cryptoworks">Irdeto Cryptoworks</a></li>

<li><a href="DigiCipher_2" title="DigiCipher 2">Digicipher</a></li>

<li><a href="KeyFly" title="KeyFly">KeyFly</a></li>

<li><a href="Nagravision" title="Nagravision">Nagravision</a></li>

<li><a href="PowerVu" title="PowerVu">PowerVu</a></li>

<li><a href="Nagra_France" title="Nagra France">SECA</a> <a href="Mediaguard" title="Mediaguard">Mediaguard</a></li>

<li><a href="Verimatrix" title="Verimatrix">Verimatrix</a></li>

<li><a href="Viaccess" title="Viaccess">Viaccess</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital video disc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Content_Scramble_System" title="Content Scramble System">Content Scramble System</a> (CSS)</li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Access_Content_System" title="Advanced Access Content System">Advanced Access Content System</a> (AACS)</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Authorized_domain" title="Authorized domain">Authorized domain</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">Broadcast flag</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Data_security" title="Data security">Data security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Card_sharing" title="Card sharing">Card sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Pirate_decryption" title="Pirate decryption">Pirate decryption</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Analog_television" title="Analog television">Analogue broadcast</a> encoding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="EuroCrypt" title="EuroCrypt">EuroCrypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Leitch_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Leitch Technology">Leitch</a></li>

<li><a href="Oak_Industries" title="Oak Industries">Oak Orion</a></li>

<li><a href="Videocipher" title="Videocipher">Videocipher</a></li>

<li><a href="VideoCrypt" title="VideoCrypt">VideoCrypt</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also <a href="Free-to-view" title="Free-to-view">free-to-view</a> and <a href="Pay_television" title="Pay television">pay television</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-09-28" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Conditional-access_module&oldid=1248283922">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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